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Ischaemum byrone
''Ischaemum byrone'' is a rare species of grass known by the common name Hilo murainagrass, or Hilo ischaemum. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is present on Kauai, Maui, Molokai, and Hawaii. It was known from Oahu but it is now extirpated there.〔(''I. byrone''. ) The Nature Conservancy.〕 There are perhaps 1000 to 3000 individual plants remaining in total.〔 This is a federally listed endangered species of the United States.
This grass is perennial, spreading via stolons, with stems reaching up to 80 centimeters in maximum height.〔 It usually grows at the coastline, often in cracks in the lava cliffs.〔(''I. byrone''. ) Colorado State.〕
On the island of Hawaii there are at least four populations and perhaps more scattered occurrences. At least one large occurrence has been recently destroyed by a lava flow at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.〔USFWS. (''I. byrone'' Five-year Review. ) August 2010.〕 There are at least five occurrences on Kauai and six on Maui with up to several thousand plants existing.〔 On Molokai a 1994 count estimated about 1000 individuals.〔
Threats to this species include volcanism, development, trampling, non-native plants, fire, and off-road vehicles.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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